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[资讯] 偉大的盲眼詩人--米爾頓

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发表于 2008-9-6 20:59:17 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
偉大的盲眼詩人--米爾頓

林嘉鴻

國立暨南國際大學 外文系碩士班二年級

E-mail:s0104507@ncnu.edu.tw







    約翰.米爾頓(John Milton,一六○八至一六七四年),繼莎士比亞之後,堪稱最偉大的英國詩人之一。首先介紹一下米爾頓的時代背景,自一六四二至一六四九,爆發了一場血腥的內戰。在一六四九年一月,英王查理一世喪命斷頭台。由清教共和政體掌權十年久。直到一六六○年,清教共和政權結束,由復辟的英王查理二世掌權。這場內戰是英國國內的保王黨與圓顱黨的衝突所導致。米爾頓是圓顱黨員。圓顱黨或清教徒認為政治與經濟應有較平均的分配,不因只集中於少數人,每個人均有權力直接與上帝溝通。至於保王黨則支持國王與天主教信仰。認為貴族在政治界或宗教界應該享有特權。
                                                                 

      由於米爾頓是個虔誠的清教徒,因此他認同克羅威爾(Oliver Cromwell)所統治的新政府。米爾頓極力反對任何在神與人之間設置柵欄的宗教組織。米爾頓這種支持新政府、新信仰模式與反對舊政府、舊信仰模式的革命、叛逆性格(此處所說的叛逆並無譴責意味),可以從他的鉅作《失樂園》觀察出來一二。


      在米爾頓時代的那場革命幾乎改變了英國生活的各個層面。當他出生時,一六○八年,莎士比亞還在世上,而英女王伊莉莎白方才逝世五年。她的影響力仍未消散。她曾是個絕對專制的統治者,視國會是為她掙錢的必要之惡。當一六七四年米爾頓過逝時,英王查理二世則是無完全實權的國王,除非國會允許,查理二世不得擅作決定。


      在米爾頓的有生之年中,其生長的環境有劇烈的轉變。他的家境十分富裕。全家人居住在倫敦。米爾頓大半生的都住在倫敦。他的父親是銀行公證人,頗有餘錢為米爾頓請私人家教,以及供他於劍橋大學的聖保羅與基督學院就讀。但也許真正對米爾頓的發展有影響的是他父親的音樂、作曲能力。米爾頓作品的其中一個特色就是美妙的音樂性。Milton’s house


      由於已有一份小收入,因此自離開劍橋大學後米爾頓並沒有去找工作。反而待在家中寫詩與大量閱讀。有些人說米爾頓是英國自古至當時最有學問的人之一。他用拉丁文、希臘文寫詩並幾乎遍讀了希臘羅馬時期的文學作品。他甚至還讀過希伯來文聖經。


      在英國政教爭戰還未過烈之前,米爾頓曾出國達十五個月,遍訪歐洲有學識之人士。他曾見過伽利略,用過伽利略的望遠鏡,而這件事在其《失樂園》中提到不只一次。


      返國後,米爾頓將自己的學識與修辭能力用在支持清教徒之上。他寫了一系列挖苦當時政教況狀的小冊子。他譴責主教們,不僅是天主教的主教,還包括了英國國教的主教也一並遭其譴責。米爾頓還反對妨害新聞自由的審查制度,甚擁護離婚。因為涉入的許多爭議中的緣故,米爾頓不只是有名,還常被批為惡名昭彰。


      內戰深深地影響了米爾頓的家庭生活。他的兄弟克里斯多福是支持保王黨。而米爾頓自己則於一六四二年娶了出身自擁保王黨家族的風趣十七歲少女,瑪麗.鮑威爾。原本,鮑威爾家是提供米爾頓的私人收入的來源。後來,鮑威爾家強制將瑪麗帶離米爾頓,把她留在英王查理一世設軍警總部的地點--牛津,直到一六四五年,瑪麗才得以與米爾頓重聚於倫敦。


      當米爾頓公開支持離婚議題時,正跟戴薇絲小姐有婚外情的糾葛。他所組織的家庭是個充滿生氣的家庭。他代為照顧過世的姐妹的三個兒子(其中一個後來成為米爾頓的個人傳記作者,所寫的著作成為我們獲取米爾頓生活點滴資訊的主要來源)。米爾頓像個嚴師般地教導這三個小孩。當他們沒有記熟拉丁文和希臘文法時,就會挨打。


    隨著國內爭亂漸長,米爾頓所出版的挖苦政教狀況小冊子愈來愈受歡迎。在英王查理一世上了斷頭台的六週後,米爾頓成了克羅威爾的拉丁文祕書官。他的責任是回應任何政府的拉丁文外交文件,這個職位在外交上有極重的份量。


      也許是因為腦下垂體長腫瘤的緣故,米爾頓失明了。他的餘生都是由別人唸書給他聽與替他代筆他所唸出的字。由於米爾頓不是個很有耐心的人,幫他唸東西和寫東西並不是件簡單的差事。米爾頓的女兒們在幫他唸和寫時就常遭到責備和抱怨,尤其是唸錯的時候。


      米爾頓的妻子瑪麗在一六五二年時撒手人寰,留下三個年幼的女兒,其中最年長的還有智能障礙。米爾頓於一六五七年再婚,但這第二任妻子僅在十五個月後就因難產而逝世。米爾頓之後結了第三次的婚,這任妻子為他打點好家中的一切並陪伴他至人生的終點。


      一六五八年,克羅威爾過世,英國政權落入他那無能的兒子--理查身上。此時內戰已降溫,國人開始期待已故英王的兒子--查理二世回來統治。但條件是他必須要受到憲法的約束。


      隨查理二世政權的來臨,米爾頓的政治生涯亦告終。有段時間,米爾頓甚至有遭政治迫害的危險,因而必須要藏匿在友人家中。自退出政壇後,米爾頓便全心投入編寫他的鉅作--《失樂園》。在他將完成此作時,有兩件事情困擾著他那本來就不平靜的人生。第一件就是,於一六六五年時,由於嚴重瘟疫的關係,米爾頓被迫搬離倫敦遷至白金漢郡的小村子。一年後,一場大火將米爾頓最後一份財產燒光了。這使得他在剩下的幾年歲月中活在窮困之中。


      《失樂園》於一六六七年完成,是米爾頓的代表作。他早期的著作僅是使他夠資格被稱為一位英國的傑出詩人。是《失樂園》奠定了米爾頓在文學中不朽的地位。他後來寫了《復樂園》,其架構氣勢則不比《失樂園》。米爾頓的最後一部作品《鬥士參孫》則是另一傑出著作。  


      米爾頓於一六七四年逝世,就在他的《失樂園》第二版問世之時。此作在當時銷售量頗不錯。在出版後的十一個月內賣出了一千三百本,米爾頓從中賺了十鎊。直到十七世紀末,《失樂園》共出了六版。它的經典價值從未消失。它一直是具爭議性的。有的人喜歡此作,有的人討厭,但無論如何它的讀者眾多與經典的地位是不可抹滅的事實。《失樂園》會使人感興趣主要是因它處理到跟我們很貼近的主題,像是善、惡、自由、以及責任。


      《失樂園》共分十二篇,是一部篇幅極長的史詩之作。一開始場景是在地獄的火焰湖,從天堂墮入地獄的撒旦和其他魔鬼(過去曾是天使,墮入地獄成魔鬼)討論他們的處境。第二篇,撒旦揹負眾魔之望去尋找上帝創造的新世界並將罪帶入以污染之。接下來的場景是上帝接受了其子救贖人類的建言。同時,撒旦已經偷偷潛入伊甸園。


      撒旦躲在伊甸園內偷看到亞當與夏娃的幸福生活。加百列天使發現藏匿的撒旦,斥責之並將之趕出伊甸園。到了第五與第六篇,上帝派拉斐爾天使警示亞當撒旦的接近與他處境的危險。拉斐爾天使告訴亞當過去天堂的一場善惡大戰。接下來,拉斐爾天使又告訴亞當上帝創造世界的目的與方法。後來在第八篇,亞當提到了他自己在伊甸園中的生活、與上帝溝通的情況,以及遇到與愛上夏娃的過程。


      到了第九篇,撒旦以蛇的外形為掩飾,引誘夏娃去吃那禁果。撒旦得逞了。夏娃吃了後還邀亞當偷嚐禁果。第十篇是人類的大審判。罪惡與死亡散落在人間。上帝之子投向人間,而撒旦則再次被打入地獄,所有的魔鬼都被化為蛇形。亞當和夏娃傷心地準備離開他們的樂園--伊甸園,他們祈求寬恕。


      在最後一篇,上帝之子為人類墮落的懲罰求情。上帝派邁可天使領亞當和夏娃離開伊甸園,並讓亞當預見人類的未來。在這最終篇中,亞當預見了許多人類未來的景象。他懷著希望等待彌賽亞--救世主的來臨,他的死亡與重生。亞當和夏娃慢慢地離開伊甸園,走向人間:


            他們流下眼淚,但隨即就將它抹去;

            整個世界就在他們眼前,

            上天引領著他們走向棲身之所。

            亞當夏娃,手牽著手,一步一步

            慢慢走出伊甸園,開始孤獨的旅程…

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发表于 2008-9-6 21:05:22 | 只看该作者
失乐园这部作品很不错

再贴一首他的诗

我仿佛看见

我仿佛看见我圣洁的新妇
苍白而昏晕,从死神手中回归,
恰似被宙斯的伟大儿子夺回——
阿尔克提斯来见快乐的丈夫。
我的新妇正如按照古法救赎,
由洁净祭礼洗去了产褥的污秽,
正如我深信我必将再有机会
在天上看见她,清楚而无拘束,
她披着白袍来到,纯洁如她的心灵
她带着面纱,但我幻想的视觉
看见她发出爱、甜而善的光明,
再没有别人脸上会有更大的欢悦。
但当她想拥抱我的一瞬,我已醒
她消失,白昼又把我带回黑夜。

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aeonhades + 5 感谢您的精彩回复^_^

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-9-6 21:32:16 | 只看该作者
米爾頓《失樂園》Paradise Lost簡介
英文來源:SpakNotes
中文翻譯:宋蘋芳、談玉儀
Text Source: "http://www.sparknotes.com/poetry/paradiselost/summary.html

Plot Overview
   Milton's speaker begins Paradise Lost by stating that his subject will be Adam and Eve’s disobedience and fall from grace. He invokes a heavenly muse and asks for help in relating his ambitious story and God's plan for humankind. The action begins with Satan and his fellow rebel angels who are found chained to a lake of fire in Hell. They quickly free themselves and fly to land, where they discover minerals and construct Pandemonium, which will be their meeting place. Inside Pandemonium, the rebel angels, who are now devils, debate whether they should begin another war with God. Beezlebub suggests that they attempt to corrupt God’s beloved new creation, humankind. Satan agrees, and volunteers to go himself. As he prepares to leave Hell, he is met at the gates by his children, Sin and Death, who follow him and build a bridge between Hell and Earth.

米爾頓藉由闡述亞當和夏娃違抗及失去神恩的主題開始《失樂園》一文,他召喚並祈求天上繆思女神的幫助來寫作有關上帝對人類計畫的故事。故事開始於被囚禁在地獄火湖的撒旦和他那群反叛的天使同伴們很快地得到自由、飛上陸地,在那他們發現了礦物,於是便建造了他們的開會地點-地獄。在地獄裡,邪惡的反叛天使議論著是否應該與上帝展開另一場戰爭,畢茲勒巴(Beezlebub)建議他們可以試圖毀滅上帝心愛的創造物,也就是人類。撒旦同意了,並自願執行此項任務。當撒旦準備離開地獄時,他在地獄之門遇見了他那分別命名為「罪惡」、「死亡」的孩子,隨後他倆也跟隨著父親撒旦一起建造連接地獄和人間的橋樑。  

In Heaven, God orders the angels together for a council of their own. He tells them of Satan’s intentions, and the Son volunteers himself to make the sacrifice for humankind. Meanwhile, Satan travels through Night and Chaos and finds Earth. He disguises himself as a cherub to get past the Archangel Uriel, who stands guard at the sun. He tells Uriel that he wishes to see and praise God's glorious creation, and Uriel assents. Satan then lands on Earth and takes a moment to reflect.

Seeing the splendor of Paradise brings him pain rather than pleasure. He reaffirms his decision to make evil his good, and continue to commit crimes against God. Satan leaps over lace w:st="on" Paradise's wall, takes the form of a cormorant (a large bird), and perches himself atop the Tree of Life. Looking down at Satan from his post, Uriel notices the volatile emotions reflected in the face of this so-called cherub and warns the other angels that an impostor is in their midst. The other angels agree to search the Garden for intruders.  

在天堂,上帝命令天使們一起開會,也告訴了他們撒旦的企圖,此時,上帝的兒子耶穌表達願為人類犧牲的意願。撒旦歷經「夜晚」和「混亂」來到了人間。他喬裝成天使通過守護太陽的天使長優利爾的檢查,他告訴優利爾說他想見人類並與以稱讚,烏利爾也同意了,撒旦登上了陸地並省思了片刻,因為天堂帶給他多於快樂的痛苦,他也再次決心要繼續以罪行反抗上帝。撒旦越過了天堂的牆,化為一隻鸕鶿〈一隻大鳥〉並棲息於「生命之樹」的最上方。優利爾從崗位向下看見撒旦,他注意到這隻鸕鶿臉上浮現的表情,並且也警告其他天使們說在他們其中有一名冒充者,天使們同意將揪出闖入伊甸園的撒旦。


Meanwhile, Adam and Eve tend the Garden, carefully obeying God’s supreme order not to eat from the Tree of Knowledge. After a long day of work, they return to their bower and rest. There, Satan takes the form of a toad and whispers into Eve’s ear. Gabriel, the angel set to guard lace w:st="on" Paradise</place , finds Satan there and orders him to leave. Satan prepares to battle Gabriel, but God makes a sign appear in the sky—the golden scales of justice—and Satan scurries away. Eve awakes and tells Adam about a dream she had, in which an angel tempted her to eat from the forbidden tree. Worried about his creation, God sends Raphael down to Earth to teach Adam and Eve of the dangers they face with Satan.  

同時,亞當和夏蛙正照料著伊甸園,小心翼翼地遵從上帝的命令,不敢偷食知識之果。工作了一整天後,他們返回臥房休息。撒旦變身為蟾蜍在夏娃耳邊細語,這時,天使長加百利發現了撒旦命令他離開,撒旦早已準備好與加百力開戰,不料上帝在天空變出正義的金階的符號,使撒旦急忙逃跑。夏娃醒來便告訴亞當昨夜的夢,夢裡有一名天使誘惑她吃知識之果。上帝擔心人類就派拉斐爾下人間教導他們如何面對危險的撒旦。  

Raphael arrives on Earth and eats a meal with Adam and Eve. After the meal, Eve retires, allowing Raphael and Adam to speak alone. Raphael relates the story of Satan’s envy over the Son’s appointment as God's second-in-command. Satan gathered other angels together who were also angry to hear this news, and together they plotted a war against God. Abdiel decides not to join Satan’s army and returns to God. The angels then begin to fight, with Michael and Gabriel serving as co-leaders for Heaven’s army. The battle lasts two days, when God sends the Son to end the war and deliver Satan and his rebel angels to Hell. Raphael tells Adam about Satan’s evil motives to corrupt them, and warns Adam to watch out for Satan. Adam asks Raphael to tell him the story of creation. Raphael tells Adam that God sent the Son into Chaos to create the universe. He created the earth and stars and other planets. Curious, Adam asks Raphael about the movement of the stars and planets. Raphael promptly warns Adam about his seemingly unquenchable search for knowledge. Raphael tells Adam that he will learn all he needs to know, and that any other knowledge is not meant for humans to comprehend. Adam tells Raphael about his first memories, of waking up and wondering who he was, what he was, and where he was. Adam says that God spoke to him and told him many things, including his order not to eat from the Tree of Knowledge. After the story, Adam confesses to Raphael his intense physical attraction to Eve. Raphael reminds Adam that he must love Eve more purely and spiritually. With this final bit of advice, Raphael leaves Earth and returns to Heaven.

拉斐爾抵達人間並與亞當和夏娃一同進餐,餐後,夏娃退下讓拉斐爾和亞當獨自談話。拉斐爾跟亞當說撒旦嫉妒上帝指派耶穌當他的左右手,於是集合那些一樣氣憤於此事的天使,一起計畫反抗上帝的戰爭。阿比迪決定不加入撒旦的陣營重返上帝的身邊。天使們開始戰爭,米迦勒和加百列也擔任天堂軍隊的領導者,這場戰爭持續了兩天,直到上帝派耶穌來終止這場戰爭,並將撒旦及同黨的天使打回地獄。拉斐爾告訴亞當撒旦企圖毀滅他們,並警告亞當要小心提防撒旦。亞當要求拉斐爾告訴他人類的故事,拉斐爾告訴亞當上帝派耶穌在混亂中創造宇宙,也創造了地球、星星、及其他的行星。好奇心作祟之下,亞當也問恆星及行星的運轉,拉斐爾迅速地警告亞當對於知識那無止盡的詢問,並說他遲早都會知道他需要知道的事和人類不需知道的事。亞當告訴拉斐爾他最早的記憶,醒來之後疑問著自己是誰、從事什麼職業、身在何處。亞當說上帝跟他說了很多事包括不允許他吃知識之果。說完故事之後,亞當跟拉斐爾坦承他對於夏娃有強烈的身理慾望,拉斐爾也提醒亞當對夏娃的愛必須更純潔、建立於精神上的愛戀,說完最後的建議,拉斐爾便離開人間返回天堂。

Eight days after his banishment, Satan returns to lace w:st="on" Paradise. After closely studying the animals of lace w:st="on" Paradise</place , he chooses to take the form of the serpent. Meanwhile, Eve suggests to Adam that they work separately for awhile, so they can get more work done. Adam is hesitant but then assents. Satan searches for Eve and is delighted to find her alone. In the form of a serpent, he talks to Eve and compliments her on her beauty and godliness. She is amazed to find an animal that can speak. She asks how he learned to speak, and he tells her that it was by eating from the Tree of Knowledge. He tells Eve that God actually wants her and Adam to eat from the tree, and that his order is merely a test of their courage. She is hesitant at first but then reaches for a fruit from the Tree of Knowledge and eats. She becomes distraught and searches for Adam.
Adam has been busy making a wreath of flowers for Eve. When Eve finds Adam, he drops the wreath and is horrified to find that Eve has eaten from the forbidden tree. Knowing that she has fallen, he decides that he would rather be fallen with her than remain pure and lose her. So he eats from the fruit as well. Adam looks at Eve in a new way, and together they turn to lust.

撒旦在被驅逐後的第八天重回天堂,在密切觀察天堂的動物後,他選擇化身成一條蛇。同時,夏娃建議亞當分頭工作,如此一來,工作方能儘早完成,亞當猶豫了一下,但之後也同意了。撒旦四處找尋夏娃,很慶幸地,找到夏娃時她正好是一個人,扮成蛇的撒旦跟夏娃說話並稱讚她的美麗和善良,夏娃也很驚訝動物竟然會說話,便問起了撒旦為何能說話,而撒旦說因為他吃了知識之果。他告訴夏娃說上帝實際上是想要她和亞當吃知識之果,只是要考驗他們的勇氣,夏娃起初猶豫了一下但之後還是吃了知識之果。之後,她瘋狂地四處找尋亞當,他正忙著編織送給夏娃的花圈。當夏娃找到亞當時,亞當丟下了花圈並且惶恐地問夏娃是否吃了知識之果,當知道夏娃已犯下萬劫不復的罪過,亞當寧願與她一同受罰也不願失去所愛,於是他也吃了知識之果,亞當以嶄新的眼神深情地望的夏娃,雙雙墬入了慾望的深淵。  

God immediately knows of their disobedience. He tells the angels in Heaven that Adam and Eve must be punished, but with a display of both justice and mercy. He sends the Son to give out the punishments. The Son first punishes the serpent whose body Satan took, and condemns it never to walk upright again. Then the Son tells Adam and Eve that they must now suffer pain and death. Eve and all women must suffer the pain of childbirth and must submit to their husbands, and Adam and all men must hunt and grow their own food on a depleted Earth. Meanwhile, Satan returns to Hell where he is greeted with cheers. He speaks to the devils in Pandemonium, and everyone believes that he has beaten God. Sin and Death travel the bridge they built on their way to Earth. Shortly thereafter, the devils unwillingly transform into snakes and try to reach fruit from imaginary trees that shrivel and turn to dust as they reach them.


上帝很快地得知亞當和夏娃的違抗天命,他跟天使們說他倆必須受罰,然而,他會以一種公正且慈悲的方式處罰。上帝派耶穌履行處罰,首先,耶穌處罰的是撒旦化身成的蛇,他使蛇從今以後將永遠無法站直走路,隨後耶穌告訴亞當和夏娃說往後他們必須承受痛苦及死亡,夏娃和其他全部的女人一樣必須要承受分娩之痛,而且也必須終身附屬於丈夫,而亞當和其他所有的男人都必須在荒涼的土地上自行打獵、耕種來求生存。撒旦返回地獄時獲得歡呼的迎接,他對地獄裡的邪惡天使們細細道來他毀滅人類的過程,每個天使都相信撒旦已將上帝擊敗。「罪惡」和「死亡」通過他們與撒旦一同築的橋前往人間。一會兒過後,這些邪惡天使便不由自主地變成了蛇,當他們試圖摘拾知識之果時,知識之樹枯萎了,很快地化成了灰。  

God tells the angels to transform the Earth. After the fall, humankind must suffer hot and cold seasons instead of the consistent temperatures before the fall. On Earth, Adam and Eve fear their approaching doom. They blame each other for their disobedience and become increasingly angry at one another. In a fit of rage, Adam wonders why God ever created Eve. Eve begs Adam not to abandon her. She tells him that they can survive by loving each other. She accepts the blame because she has disobeyed both God and Adam. She ponders suicide. Adam, moved by her speech, forbids her from taking her own life. He remembers their punishment and believes that they can enact revenge on Satan by remaining obedient to God. Together they pray to God and repent.  

上帝叫天使們改造地球,亞當和夏娃打破禁忌後,人們要承受夏季炎熱和冬季的嚴寒,不再能一如從前享受著恆溫的氣候。在人間,亞當和夏娃害怕逼近的命運,他倆彼此指責著對方的違抗而怒氣沖天,夏娃乞求亞當的原諒並且告訴亞當說他倆可以藉由彼此相愛而生存,夏娃接受亞當的責罵因為她沒聽從上帝和亞當的話,她默想著自殺。亞當被夏娃的話感動,也赦免了夏娃的性命,他將牢記他們的處罰,並且也深信他們可以藉由服從上帝來報復撒旦,於是,他們便一同向上帝祈禱、懺悔。  

God hears their prayers, and sends Michael down to Earth. Michael arrives on Earth, and tells them that they must leave lace w:st="on" Paradise</place . But before they leave, Michael puts Eve to sleep and takes Adam up onto the highest hill, where he shows him a vision of humankind’s future. Adam sees the sins of his children, and his children's children, and his first vision of death. Horrified, he asks Michael if there is any alternative to death. Generations to follow continue to sin by lust, greed, envy, and pride. They kill each other selfishly and live only for pleasure. Then Michael shows him the vision of Enoch, who is saved by God as his warring peers attempt to kill him. Adam also sees the story of Noah and his family, whose virtue allows them to be chosen to survive the flood that kills all other humans. Adam feels remorse for death and happiness for humankind’s redemption. Next is the vision of Nimrod and the Tower of Babel. This story explains the perversion of pure language into the many languages that are spoken on Earth today. Adam sees the triumph of Moses and the Israelites, and then glimpses the Son’s sacrifice to save humankind. After this vision, it is time for Adam and Eve to leave Paradise. Eve awakes and tells Adam that she had a very interesting and educating dream. Led by Michael, Adam and Eve slowly and woefully leave Paradise hand in hand into a new world.  

上帝聽見了亞當和夏娃的禱告,便送米迦勒下人間,米迦勒來到人間便告訴亞當和夏娃說他們必須離開伊甸園,但是在他們離開前,米迦勒讓夏娃入睡,並將亞當帶到最高的山丘,在那米迦勒讓亞當看人類未來的景象。亞當看到歷代子孫的罪惡及他的死亡,驚嚇之餘,亞當問米迦勒是否有替代死亡的方法。世代子孫依舊心懷慾望、貪婪、妒嫉和驕傲等邪念,他們互相自私地殘殺只為求自身的快樂。然後,米迦勒給亞當看伊諾克的影像,當伊諾克要被戰友殺害時是上帝救了他,亞當也看見了諾亞一家人的故事,是他們的美德讓他們存活於幾乎殺死了所有人的水患。此時,亞當為死亡而痛悔也為人類的救贖感到高興。接著是寧羅和巴貝爾塔的影像,這個故事解釋了單一語言擴展成今日世界使用的多種語言,亞當看見了摩西和以色列人的勝利,並且也瞥見了耶穌為人類所作的犧牲。看完這些幻影後,亞當和夏娃便離開了伊甸園,夏娃醒來時告訴亞當昨晚她做的那有趣且富有教育性的夢。在米迦勒的引領之下,亞當和夏娃慢慢地且黯然神傷地手牽著手一起離開伊甸園,邁進新的世界。
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 楼主| 发表于 2008-9-6 21:44:38 | 只看该作者
想看 他的名著 Paradise Lost 失乐园

可以到 http://www.zftrans.com/bbs/read.php?tid=14068  
這個網址去看, 我是沒力氣zt 的了
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